Table 1.
Literature Review of SDB Prevalence in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
| Study/Year | No. of Patients | Level | SDB Prevalence | Method of Testing | Criteria of SDB Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short et al7/1992 | 22 (20 men) | T10-above | 25% (10% central) | In laboratory PSG | > 5 events/h with Sao2 dip rate > 4% |
| Flavell et al8/1992 | 10 (10 men) | Cervical | 30% | Continuous pulse oximetry recording | > 10% of Sao2 levels < 90% |
| McEvoy et al9/1995 | 40 (37 men) | Cervical | 27.5% (> 80% of apneas were obstructive or mixed) | HSAT with nasal airflow plus EEG, EOG, submental EMG | RDI ≥ 15 events/h with nadir Sao2 ranging from 49% to 95% |
| Klefbeck et al10/1998 | 33 (28 men) | Cervical | 15% | Combined oximetry and respiratory movement monitoring | ODI > 4%/h and > 45% of the total sleeping time had PB |
| Burns et al11/2000 | 20 (20 men) | L1-above | 40% | HSAT with nasal airflow | RDI > 5 events/h |
| Stockhammer et al12/2002 | 50 (40 men) | Cervical | 62% | Portable monitoring in-hospital with the nasal thermistor, SPo2, and chest wall motion | RDI ≥ 15 and an apnea index ≥ 5 events/h |
| Berlowitz et al4/2005 | 30 (25 men) | Cervical | 62% | HSAT plus EEG | AHIa >10 events/h |
| Leduc et al13/2007 | 41 (41 men) | Cervical | 53% | HSAT plus EEG | AHIb > 5 events/h |
| Sankari et al3/2014 | 26 (16 men) | T6-above | 77% | In laboratory PSG plus pneumotach and epiglottic pressure catheter | AHIc > 5 events/h |
| Bauman et al6/2015 | 81 (75 men) | T6-above | 81% | HSAT plus Tcco2 | AHIc > 5 events/h |
AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; EMG = electromyogram; EOG = electrooculgram; HSAT = home sleep apnea testing; ODI = oxygen desaturation index; PB = periodic breathing; PSG = polysomnography; RDI = respiratory disturbance index; Sao2 = oxygen saturation; SPo2 = pulse oxymetery; Tcco2 = transcutaneous carbon dioxide.
a
Respiratory events are scored based on the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force 1999 criteria.14
b
Respiratory events are scored based on the American Sleep Disorders Association criteria.15
c
Respiratory events are scored based on the 2012 American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommended criteria.16