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. 2019 Aug 9;9:11580. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48043-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Workflow of N-glycan profiling of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) derived from sera of healthy controls, liver cirrhosis and HCC. (B) SDS-PAGE image of purified AGP from patient serum in HCC and cirrhosis of different etiologies, i.e. ALC, NASH, and HCV, respectively, with 0.4 μg of an AGP standard protein as a reference. (C) 7 main Desialylated N-Glycans of serum AGP identified in this study. (D) Representative MALDI-TOF MS spectra of desialylated N-glycans in serum AGP derived from healthy controls and patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC, respectively. The bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan (m/z 3316.67) was highly elevated in HCC and cirrhosis compared to normal subjects. The trifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan (m/z 3490.76) was predominantly identified in HCC patients but was absent in normal subjects and the majority of cirrhosis samples. (The symbols used in the structural formulas as: red triangle, Fuc; blue square, GlcNAc; green circle, Man; yellow circle, Gal).