Table 2.
Patterns of intra-thoracic and extra-thoracic injury stratified by level of admitting hospital
| Characteristics | All N = 884 |
Level 1 N = 235 |
Level 2 N = 425 |
Level 3 N = 224 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISS | |||||
| Median (P25–P75) | 9 (5–18) | 22 (16–33) | 9 (5–13) | 9 (4–10) | < 0.001 |
| < 16 | 605 (68.4) | 55 (23.4) | 349 (82.1) | 201 (89.7) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 16 | 279 (31.6) | 180 (76.6) | 76 (17.9) | 23 (10.3) | |
| Head injury | |||||
| None or minor | 674 (76.2) | 109 (46.4) | 361 (84.9) | 204 (91.1) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate | 64 (7.2) | 15 (6.4) | 35 (8.2) | 14 (6.3) | |
| Severe or worse | 146 (16.6) | 111 (47.2) | 29 (6.8) | 6 (2.3) | |
| Abdominal injury | |||||
| None or minor | 843 (95.3) | 211 (89.8) | 413 (97.2) | 218 (97.3) | 0.001 |
| Moderate | 29 (3.3) | 16 (6.8) | 9 (2.1) | 4 (1.8) | |
| Severe or worse | 13 (1.4) | 8 (3.4) | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Spinal injury | |||||
| None or minor | 774 (87.6) | 157 (66.8) | 404 (95.1) | 213 (95.1) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate | 65 (7.4) | 44 (18.7) | 14 (3.3) | 7 (3.1) | |
| Severe or worse | 45 (5.1) | 34 (14.5) | 7 (1.6) | 4 (1.8) | |
| Lower extremity injury | |||||
| None or minor | 765 (86.5) | 181(77.0) | 377 (88.7) | 207 (92.4) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate | 49 (5.5) | 21 (8.9) | 15 (3.5) | 13 (5.8) | |
| Severe or worse | 70 (7.2) | 33 (14.0) | 33 (7.8) | 4 (1.8) | |
| Thoracic injury | |||||
| Minor | 135 (15.3) | 25 (10.6) | 68 (16.0) | 42 (18.8) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate | 308 (34.8) | 53 (22.6) | 165 (38.8) | 90 (40.2) | |
| Severe or worse | 441 (49.9) | 157 (66.8) | 192 (45.2) | 92 (41.1) | |
| Extra-thoracic injuries (any) | |||||
| None or minor | 428 (48.4) | 39 (16.6) | 248 (58.4) | 141 (62.9) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate | 206 (23.3) | 43 (18.3) | 98 (23.1) | 65 (29.0) | |
| Severe or worse | 250 (28.3) | 153 (65.1) | 79 (18.6) | 18 (8.0) | |
| Number of rib fractures | |||||
| Single | 168 (19.0) | 32 (13.6) | 83 (19.5) | 53 (23.7) | < 0.001 |
| 2–3 | 341 (38.6) | 68 (28.9) | 171 (40.2) | 102 (45.5) | |
| ≥ 4 | 232 (26.2) | 92 (39.1) | 100 (23.5) | 40 (17.9) | |
| Multiple not further specified | 143 (16.2) | 43 (18.3) | 71 (16.7) | 29 (12.9) | |
| Hemo-or pneumothorax requiring drainage | |||||
| Yes | 144 (17.2) | 72 (31.2) | 43 (10.1) | 29 (12.9) | < 0.001 |
| No | 735 (82.7) | 159 (68.8) | 381 (89.9) | 195 (87.1) | |
| Unknown | 5 (0.1) | ||||
| Flail chest | |||||
| No | 22 (2.5) | 223 (95.3) | 412 (98.1) | 211 (98.6) | 0.044 |
| Yes | 846 (95.7) | 11 (4.7) | 8 (1.9) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Unknown | 16 (1.8) | ||||