Skip to main content
. 2018 Jun 15;45(4):575–583. doi: 10.1007/s00068-018-0969-9

Table 3.

Univariable analysis of factors associated with in-hospital death and pneumonia

Number of patients dead (n = 88) Odds ratio (95% CI) p value Number of patients with pneumonia (n = 84) Odds ratio (95% CI) p value
Age
 65–80 43 (7.4%) 59 (10.4%)
 81–90 35 (14.9%) 1.4 (0.7–2.7) 0.37 20 (8.6%) 1.0 (0.6–1.9) 0.88
 ≥ 91 10 (14.5%) 2.3 (13 − 4.5) 0.008 5 (7.5%) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.68
Gender
 Male 48 (9.3%) 64 (12.7%)
 Female 40 (10.8) 1.2 (0.8–1.8) 0.46 20 (5.5%) 0.4 (0.2–0.7) < 0.001
History of cardiac disease
 No 53 (7.5%) 67 (9.6%) 1.2 (0.7–2.1) 0.562
 Yes 22 (15.3%) 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 0.003 16 (11.2%)
 Unknown 13 1
History of COPD GOLD 2 or worse/any gradea
 No 69 (8.3%) 61 (8.1%)
 Yes 6 (25%) 3.7 (1.4–9.6) 0.007 22 (23.7%) 3.5 (2.0–6.0) < 0.001
 Unknown 13 1
Number of rib fractures
 Single 12 (7.1%) 7 (4.3%)
 2–3 19 (5.6%) 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 0.49 27 (8.0%) 1.9 (0.8–4.6) 0.12
 ≥ 4 31 (13.4%) 2.0 (1.0–4.0) 0.051 33 (14.0%) 3.4 (1.5–7.9) 0.005
 Multiple NFS 26 (18.2%) 2.9 (1.4–6.0) 0.004 17 (12.8%) 3.8 (1.5–9.2) 0.004
Need for CTD
 No 56 (7.6%) 57 (7.9%)
 Yes 29 (20.1%) 3.1 (1.9–5.0) < 0.001 27 (19.0%) 2.5 (1.7–4.5) < 0.001
Thoracic injuries
 Minor 9 (6.7%) 6 (4.6%)
 Moderate 16 (5.2%) 0.7 (0.3–1.8) 0.77 23 (7.5%) 1.7 (0.7–4.3) 0.26
 Severe or worse 63 (14.3%) 2.3 (1.1–4.8) 0.02 55 (12.7%) 3.0 (1.3–7.2) 0.01
Extra-thoracic injuries
 None or minor 25 (5.8%) 31 (7.3%)
 Moderate 16 (7.8%) 1.4 (0.7–2.6) 0.36 11 (5.5%) 0.7 (0.4–1.5)
 Severe or worse 47 (18.8%) 3.7 (2.2–6.3) < 0.001 42 (17.1%) 2.6 (1.6–4.3) < 0.001
Head injury
 None or minor 64 (8.3%) 53 (8.0%)
 Moderate 11 (16.9%) 0.4 (0.1–1.6) 0.18 6 (9.7%) 1.2 (0.5-3.0) 0.64
 Severe or worse 13 (28.9%) 3.4 (2.1–5.5) < 0.001 25 (17.5%) 2.4 (1.5–4.1) 0.001
Spinal injury
 None or minor 53 (7.9%) 64 (8.4%)
 Moderate 2 (3.1%) 2.6 (1.0-6.6) 0.04 12 (18.8%) 2.5 (1.3–4.9) 0.008
 Severe or worse 33 (22.6%) 6.2 (2.0-19.5) 8 (18.2%) 2.4 (1.1–2.4) 0.32
Abdominal injury
 None or minor 77 (9.1%) 73 (8.8%)
 Moderate 6 (20.7%) 2.6 (1.0-6.6) 0.44 7 (24.1%) 3.3 (1.4-8.0) 0.008
 Severe or worse 5 (38.5%) 6.2 (1.9–19.5) 0.002 4 (30.8%) 4.6 (1.4–15.3) 0.013
Level of admitting hospital
 Level 1 51 (21.7%) 38 (16.3%)
 Level 2 25 (5.9%) 0.2 (0.1–0.4) < 0.001 31 (7.5%) 0.4 (0.3–0.7) 0.001
 Level 3 12 (5.4%) 0.2 (0.1–0.4) < 0.001 15 (6.8%) 0.4 (0.2–0.7) 0.002

CTD chest tube drainage, CI confidence interval

aCOPD GOLD 2 or worse for in-hospital death, any grade COPD for pneumonia