Table 5.

Adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p values for the association between patient characteristics, pattern of injury and pneumonia

Independent variable	Odds ratio	95% Confidence interval	p value
Gender (male)	2.4	1.4–4.2	0.002
History of COPD (any grade)	3.9	2.2–7.1	< 0.001
Number of rib fractures
1
2–3	1.8	0.8–4.4	0.18
> 3	2.6	1.1–6.5	0.03
Multiple unspecified	2.8	1.1–7.4	0.03
Severity of head injury (AIS)	1.356	1.163–1.581	< 0.001
None or minor
Moderate	1.7	0.7–4.3	0.28
Severe or worse	2.5	1.4–4.3	0.002
Severity of abdominal injury (AIS)
None or minor
Moderate	2.2	0.8–6.1	0.14
Severe or worse	7.3	2.0–26.6	0.003
Need for chest tube drainage (Yes)	1.9	1.1–3.4	0.02

AIS Abbreviated Injury Score