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. 2019 Aug 9;10:3589. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11510-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — PAK4 promotes murine mammary tumorigenesis. a Representative images of mammary epithelium from 6-month-old females of the indicated genotypes. Scale bars, 200 μm. b Tumor incidence in aged virgin mice (20–24 months old) of the indicated genotypes (n = 16 wt FVB and n = 20 MMTV–PAK4). c Schematic diagram of the MMTV–PyMT mouse strains used. d Representative images of carmine-stained wholemounts of inguinal mammary glands from 12 weeks old female mice of the indicated genotypes. Scale bar, 5 mm. White asterisks denote lymph nodes. e Quantification of carmine-filled fat pad area (n = 6 per indicated genotype). f Kaplan–Meier plot of tumor-free survival in female mice of the indicated genotypes (n = 14 PyMT;PAK4^MEp+/+ and n = 6 PyMT;PAK4^MEp−/−). g Kaplan–Meier plot of overall survival in female mice of the indicated genotypes (n = 18 PyMT;PAK4^MEp+/+ and n = 6 PyMT;PAK4^MEp−/−). h Kaplan–Meier plot of tumor-free survival in male mice of the indicated genotypes (n = 9 PyMT;PAK4^MEp+/+ and n = 10 PyMT;PAK4^MEp−/−). Data are represented as percentage in b and as mean ± SEM in e. The p-values by chi-square test in b and by two-tailed unpaired t test in e are indicated. Dots in e depict individual samples. The Hazard Ratios (HR) and p-values by log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test are indicated in f–h