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. 2019 Aug 5;14:6249–6268. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S216432

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© 2019 Yoon et al.

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Effects of Rap-loaded formulations on mTOR inhibition and autophagy induction in URCa cells.

Notes: (A) Inhibition of phosphorylation of mTOR and mTOR downstream proteins. (B) Induction of AMPKα activation and ULK phosphorylation at Ser757. (C) Accumulation of p62/ATG5 and cleaved LC3B-II. Actin was used as a loading control.

Abbreviations: Un, untreated; Rap, rapamycin; R-CL, rapamycin-loaded conventional liposome; R-FL, rapamycin-loaded folate-modified liposome; Baf, bafilomycin A1.