Table 3.
Per-Protocol (≥70% Drug Compliance) Changes in Vascular Health from Baseline in Participants Who Completed the Triala
| Atorvastatin (n = 9) | Placebo (n = 6) | Between-group difference (Ref = placebo) | p-Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Baselineb | ΔM6 | n | Baselineb | ΔM6 | n | Treatment effect | ||
| Brachial artery ultrasound | |||||||||
| Peak FMD (%) | 8 | 6.4 ± 4.0 | −0.6 [−2.0, 0.8] | 3 | 7.1 ± 5.2 | −3.0 [−5.3, −0.7]* | 11 | 2.3 [−0.4, 5.0] | 0.09 |
| EndoPAT | |||||||||
| RHI (%) | 9 | 2.17 ± 0.46 | −0.07 [−0.18, 0.32] | 6 | 1.73 ± 0.52 | −0.3 [−0.62, 0.01]† | 15 | 0.37 [−0.05, 0.79] | 0.08 |
| AI (%) | 9 | −5.5 ± 13.3 | −1.6 [−8.7, 5.5] | 6 | −13.1 ± 5.7 | 5.5 [−3.3, 14.3] | 15 | −7.1 [−18.8, 4.5] | 0.23 |
| Carotid artery ultrasound | |||||||||
| cIMT (mm) | 9 | 0.57 ± 0.03 | −0.002 [−0.02, 0.02] | 5 | 0.52 ± 0.07 | −0.004 [−0.03, 0.03] | 14 | 0.002 [−0.04, 0.04] | 0.92 |
| cDD (%) | 9 | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 0.16 [−0.55, 0.86] | 5 | 8.6 ± 1.2 | 0.10 [−0.85, 1.06] | 14 | 0.052 [−1.14, 1.24] | 0.93 |
| cCSD (%) | 9 | 18.8 ± 5.2 | 0.36 [−1.18, 1.90] | 5 | 17.9 ± 2.5 | 0.24 [−1.81, 2.31] | 14 | 0.12 [−2.47, 2.70] | 0.93 |
| cDC (mm/mmHg × 10−3) | 9 | 11.6 ± 3.1 | −0.34 [−1.4, 0.7] | 5 | 11.0 ± 1.4 | 0.56 [−0.8, 2.0] | 14 | −0.90 [−2.66, 0.86] | 0.32 |
| cCSC1 (mm2/mmHg × 10−3) | 9 | 128 ± 35 | −1.3 [−13.8, 11.2] | 5 | 113 ± 18 | 8.4 [−8.5, 25.3] | 14 | −9.7 [−31.1, 11.7] | 0.37 |
| cCSC2 (1/mmHg × 10−3) | 9 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | −0.003 [−0.38, 0.38] | 5 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 0.18 [−0.33, 0.69] | 14 | −0.19 [−0.82, 0.45] | 0.57 |
| cIEM (mmHg) | 9 | 1554 ± 456 | 146 [−104, 396] | 5 | 1493 ± 163 | 100 [−236, 435] | 14 | 46.6 [−372, 466] | 0.83 |
| SphygmoCor | |||||||||
| PWV (m/s) | 9 | 8.4 ± 2.9 | −0.2 [−1.2, 0.8] | 5 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | −0.9 [−2.2, 0.4] | 14 | 0.8 [−0.9, 2.4] | 0.36 |
| Carotid AI (P2/P1) | 6 | 130 ± 21 | −0.7 [−15.4, 14.1] | 4 | 120 ± 15 | −6.0 [−24.2, 12.2] | 10 | 5.4 [−18.4, 29.1] | 0.66 |
| Radial AI (P2/P1) | 9 | 128 ± 10 | 6.7 [−5.6, 19.1] | 6 | 115 ± 19 | −8.3 [−25.3, 8.6] | 14 | 15.1 [−6.6, 36.7] | 0.17 |
Significant (*p < 0.05) and trending significant (†p < 0.10) within-group changes from baseline are noted. Between-group treatment effect differences are noted with respective p-value. All reported brachial and carotid artery measurements performed on the left brachial artery and left common carotid artery.
Estimates of least-squares means [95% confidence intervals] change from baseline are listed for Month 6 (ΔM6). Data are from participants who completed the 6-month trial and had interpretable vascular measures. Participants in the atorvastatin group were randomly assigned at baseline to receive a 40 mg daily dose of atorvastatin.
Values are raw means ± SDs.