Table 7 online only.
Trends in Processed Meat Consumption among Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Income Subgroups of US Adults Aged 20 Years or Older, NHANES 1999–2016 a
| Weighted Mean Intake, g/wk (95% CI) b |
P -Trend | Mean Change from 1999–2000 to 2015–2016 (95% CI) b | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999–2000 (n=4237) | 2001–2002 (n=4744) | 2003–2004 (n=4448) | 2005–2006 (n=4520) | 2007–2008 (n=5419) | 2009–2010 (n=5762) | 2011–2012 (n=4801) | 2013–2014 (n=5047) | 2015–2016 (n=5147) | ||||
| Age group, years | ||||||||||||
| 20–34 | 193 (162, 224) | 202 (165, 240) | 198 (169, 228) | 186 (163, 209) | 195 (178, 211) | 200 (173, 227) | 195 (174, 215) | 194 (174, 213) | 187 (163, 211) | 0.67 | −6.04 (−45.2, 33.0) | |
| 35–49 | 192 (160, 224) | 186 (170, 203) | 190 (174, 206) | 217 (184, 249) | 204 (174, 234) | 198 (170, 226) | 203 (191, 215) | 189 (158, 220) | 191 (165, 218) | 0.86 | −0.37 (−41.8, 41.1) | |
| 50–64 | 164 (134, 194) | 177 (152, 203) | 211 (175, 248) | 188 (166, 210) | 182 (169, 195) | 188 (160, 216) | 182 (154, 210) | 194 (166, 222) | 189 (174, 205) | 0.46 | 25.3 (−8.1, 58.8) | |
| ≥65 | 170 (148, 192) | 174 (153, 194) | 170 (155, 184) | 188 (166, 211) | 169 (150, 188) | 179 (165, 193) | 166 (147, 184) | 173 (152, 194) | 177 (156, 198) | 0.90 | 7.31 (−23.2, 37.8) | |
| P-interaction | 0.86 | 0.31 | ||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 226 (193, 258) | 223 (208, 238) | 239 (213, 265) | 247 (224, 271) | 233 (212, 255) | 236 (217, 254) | 228 (207, 248) | 231 (206, 255) | 226 (207, 244) | 0.86 | 0.06 (−37.0, 37.1) | |
| Female | 143 (125, 161) | 153 (142, 164) | 152 (140, 165) | 149 (130, 168) | 152 (141, 162) | 153 (142, 163) | 151 (136, 166) | 149 (137, 161) | 150 (143, 157) | 0.76 | 7.63 (−11.8, 27.1) | |
| P-interaction | 0.74 | 0.69 | ||||||||||
| Race/ Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 197 (171, 223) | 200 (188, 213) | 203 (183, 222) | 206 (185, 227) | 196 (179, 213) | 205 (194, 217) | 199 (177, 222) | 205 (188, 222) | 210 (195, 226) | 0.42 | 13.4 (−16.9, 43.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 177 (152, 201) | 191 (162, 221) | 217 (185, 248) | 213 (187, 240) | 219 (194, 245) | 206 (173, 240) | 211 (197, 226) | 193 (171, 215) | 167 (148, 187) | 0.42 | −9.23 (−40.8, 22.3) | |
| Hispanic | 144 (106, 182) | 127 (99, 155) | 131 (105, 157) | 141 (105, 176) | 151 (131, 172) | 144 (133, 155) | 152 (126, 178) | 144 (126, 162) | 135 (118, 153) | 0.66 | −9.05 (−50.8, 32.7) | |
| Other | 98.4 (60.4, 136) | 111 (71, 150) | 152 (78, 227) | 132 (108, 155) | 140 (94, 187) | 137 (113, 162) | 125 (99, 151) | 130 (101, 159) | 130 (95, 165) | 0.60 | 31.9 (−19.8, 83.5) | |
| P-interaction | 0.64 | 0.41 | ||||||||||
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| <High school graduate | 173 (149, 197) | 197 (161, 232) | 165 (141, 190) | 195 (164, 226) | 185 (156, 213) | 183 (160, 207) | 177 (151, 203) | 163 (143, 182) | 174 (147, 202) | 0.48 | 1.32 (−35.1, 37.8) | |
| High school graduate or GED c | 220 (173, 268) | 193 (164, 222) | 219 (197, 241) | 206 (181, 231) | 200 (178, 221) | 216 (187, 246) | 197 (173, 220) | 200 (164, 235) | 188 (171, 205) | 0.28 | −32.2 (−82.8, 18.3) | |
| Some college | 179 (151, 207) | 186 (157, 215) | 198 (179, 216) | 191 (160, 223) | 202 (182, 223) | 206 (187, 225) | 198 (176, 219) | 204 (179, 229) | 201 (183, 219) | 0.12 | 21.6 (−11.7, 55.0) | |
| College graduate or above | 150 (117, 183) | 173 (150, 197) | 182 (158, 206) | 193 (163, 223) | 168 (142, 195) | 165 (147, 183) | 179 (155, 204) | 176 (158, 194) | 176 (162, 190) | 0.54 | 26.0 (−10.2, 62.2) | |
| P-interaction | 0.16 | 0.07 | ||||||||||
| Ratio of family income to poverty level d | ||||||||||||
| <1.30 | 163 (139, 188) | 174 (155, 193) | 173 (154, 192) | 174 (151, 196) | 187 (165, 208) | 196 (175, 216) | 182 (166, 198) | 186 (165, 208) | 174 (146, 202) | 0.22 | 10.5 (−27.1, 48.2) | |
| 1.30–1.849 | 197 (163, 231) | 171 (135, 206) | 181 (159, 203) | 223 (172, 274) | 171 (140, 202) | 191 (154, 228) | 203 (168, 239) | 163 (130, 196) | 178 (150, 206) | 0.50 | −19.0 (−62.9, 24.8) | |
| 1.85–2.99 | 225 (175, 275) | 187 (158, 216) | 188 (161, 215) | 199 (173, 226) | 197 (166, 229) | 208 (185, 231) | 190 (167, 213) | 199 (149, 249) | 197 (167, 226) | 0.78 | −28.0 (−86.1, 30.2) | |
| ≥3.00 | 168 (148, 189) | 201 (181, 222) | 204 (184, 224) | 202 (180, 223) | 195 (171, 219) | 193 (178, 208) | 189 (168, 209) | 193 (180, 206) | 193 (172, 213) | 0.88 | 24.6 (−4.3, 53.6) | |
| P-interaction | 0.48 | 0.14 | ||||||||||
a
NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
b
CI = confidence interval. Means, mean changes and 95% CIs were adjusted for survey weights, and for total energy intake to 2000 kcal/d using the residual method.
c
GED = general equivalency diploma
d
Represents the ratio of family income, the federal poverty threshold, adjusting for household size. For reference, the federal threshold in 2014 for a family of 4 was $23,850/y. A family of 4 earning $44,123/y would have a ratio of 1.85. A ratio < 1.30 indicates a lower level of income and a ratio ≥ 3 indicates a higher level of income