Table 8 online only.
Trends in Unprocessed Red Meat Consumption among Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Income Subgroups of US Adults Aged 20 Years or Older, NHANES 1999–2016 a
| Weighted Mean Intake, g/wk (95% CI) b |
P -Trend | Mean Change from 1999–2000 to 2015–2016 (95% CI) b | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999–2000 (n=4237) | 2001–2002 (n=4744) | 2003–2004 (n=4448) | 2005–2006 (n=4520) | 2007–2008 (n=5419) | 2009–2010 (n=5762) | 2011–2012 (n=4801) | 2013–2014 (n=5047) | 2015–2016 (n=5147) | |||
| Age group, years | |||||||||||
| 20–34 | 343 (307, 380) | 333 (285, 381) | 339 (307, 371) | 376 (338, 414) | 322 (294, 351) | 306 (287, 325) | 316 (283, 350) | 303 (275, 332) | 267 (244, 289) | <0.001 | −76.8 (−119, −34.2) |
| 35–49 | 365 (318, 412) | 350 (318, 382) | 340 (306, 375) | 317 (281, 352) | 344 (319, 370) | 334 (303, 365) | 309 (275, 342) | 309 (281, 338) | 287 (255, 318) | <0.001 | −78.5 (−135, −21.9) |
| 50–64 | 341 (276, 407) | 328 (294, 362) | 340 (308, 372) | 338 (310, 366) | 299 (261, 337) | 313 (275, 350) | 308 (262, 353) | 284 (259, 309) | 309 (279, 339) | 0.03 | −32.0 (−104, 40.2) |
| ≥65 | 292 (272, 311) | 259 (236, 283) | 294 (263, 325) | 272 (256, 288) | 263 (232, 293) | 297 (245, 348) | 286 (250, 322) | 284 (248, 320) | 271 (231, 311) | 0.97 | -20.7 (−65.3, 23.9) |
| P-interaction | 0.03 | 0.20 | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 395 (364, 426) | 397 (369, 425) | 383 (359, 407) | 396 (371, 422) | 379 (353, 406) | 374 (348, 399) | 372 (345, 399) | 355 (336, 374) | 343 (311, 374) | <0.001 | -52.4 (−96.8, −7.9) |
| Female | 290 (264, 317) | 258 (226, 291) | 284 (255, 314) | 269 (249, 289) | 254 (235, 272) | 259 (234, 284) | 244 (216, 273) | 240 (228, 253) | 229 (207, 251) | <0.001 | −61.2 (−95.7, −26.8) |
| P-interaction | 1.00 | 0.71 | |||||||||
| Race/ Ethnicity | |||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 332 (302, 362) | 314 (283, 344) | 326 (303, 349) | 326 (306, 346) | 314 (289, 340) | 312 (283, 341) | 299 (269, 330) | 292 (282, 301) | 272 (246, 298) | <0.001 | −60.0 (−99.9, −20.0) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 345 (295, 395) | 301 (266, 336) | 322 (285, 360) | 283 (244, 322) | 283 (253, 313) | 296 (275, 318) | 282 (246, 318) | 284 (265, 303) | 266 (233, 299) | 0.004 | −79.1 (−139, −19.2) |
| Hispanic | 364 (326, 403) | 390 (320, 460) | 399 (356, 441) | 376 (328, 424) | 344 (310, 377) | 328 (294, 362) | 366 (318, 414) | 330 (294, 365) | 328 (300, 357) | 0.01 | −36.1 (−84.1, 11.8) |
| Other | 381 (279, 483) | 395 (229, 561) | 289 (244, 334) | 393 (274, 511) | 285 (203, 367) | 337 (252, 423) | 297 (256, 338) | 286 (257, 316) | 313 (272, 354) | 0.07 | −67.8 (−178, 42.0) |
| P-interaction | 0.94 | 0.49 | |||||||||
| Education level | |||||||||||
| <High school graduate | 362 (321, 404) | 370 (335, 405) | 341 (294, 388) | 355 (313, 398) | 331 (301, 361) | 335 (304, 366) | 342 (294, 389) | 324 (303, 345) | 303 (247, 360) | 0.02 | −58.7 (−129, 11.3) |
| High school graduate or GED c | 358 (315, 401) | 346 (308, 384) | 368 (328, 408) | 345 (314, 375) | 345 (314, 376) | 369 (335, 402) | 338 (301, 376) | 338 (296, 380) | 306 (273, 340) | 0.08 | −51.3 (−106, 2.9) |
| Some college | 341 (308, 374) | 293 (261, 324) | 333 (302, 364) | 329 (301, 357) | 292 (270, 314) | 324 (300, 349) | 300 (262, 338) | 281 (258, 305) | 288 (266, 310) | 0.005 | −53.3 (−93.0, −13.7) |
| College graduate or above | 292 (241, 344) | 310 (262, 357) | 282 (249, 315) | 301 (272, 331) | 290 (257, 322) | 242 (209, 275) | 274 (236, 313) | 266 (242, 290) | 256 (227, 285) | 0.02 | −36.5 (−95.3, 22.4) |
| P-interaction | 0.94 | 0.94 | |||||||||
| Ratio of family income to poverty level d | |||||||||||
| <1.30 | 327 (285, 370) | 361 (310, 413) | 305 (273, 336) | 364 (330, 398) | 309 (283, 335) | 324 (310, 339) | 324 (284, 365) | 290 (266, 313) | 280 (253, 306) | 0.005 | −47.3 (−97.4, 2.7) |
| 1.30–1.849 | 277 (243, 311) | 276 (229, 322) | 361 (308, 413) | 334 (290, 377) | 295 (243, 348) | 335 (303, 367) | 293 (263, 323) | 289 (250, 328) | 295 (257, 333) | 0.84 | 17.7 (−33.4, 68.7) |
| 1.85–2.99 | 356 (317, 395) | 348 (301, 395) | 337 (307, 367) | 332 (280, 384) | 320 (267, 372) | 359 (315, 402) | 306 (268, 343) | 314 (279, 349) | 296 (256, 336) | 0.02 | −59.8 (−116, −3.9) |
| ≥3.00 | 350 (309, 390) | 313 (276, 349) | 334 (305, 364) | 314 (285, 344) | 315 (298, 332) | 291 (260, 323) | 295 (261, 329) | 294 (275, 312) | 278 (252, 305) | <0.001 | −71.1 (−119, −22.8) |
| P-interaction | 0.12 | 0.04 | |||||||||
a
NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
b
CI = confidence interval. Means, mean changes and 95% CIs were adjusted for survey weights, and for total energy intake to 2000 kcal/d using the residual method.
c
GED = general equivalency diploma
d
Represents the ratio of family income, the federal poverty threshold, adjusting for household size. For reference, the federal threshold in 2014 for a family of 4 was $23,850/y. A family of 4 earning $44,123/y would have a ratio of 1.85. A ratio < 1.30 indicates a lower level of income and a ratio ≥ 3 indicates a higher level of income