Table 4.

Sensitivity analyses: adjustment for comorbid emotional problems

Contrast	N	IRR (95% CI)	P
MAOA-HL (females) × maltreatment	1095	2.97 (1.59–5.56)	0.0006*
MAOA-HH (females) × maltreatment		1.94 (1.02–3.67)	0.0427
rs4714329 GG (males) × smoking during pregnancy	2358	1.92 (1.27–2.91)	0.0021*
rs9471290 AA (males) × smoking during pregnancy	2358	1.97 (1.30–2.96)	0.0013*
rs11215217 TC (females) × maltreatment	1239	0.45 (0.27–0.74)	0.0020*

All analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic status, single-parent status, comorbid emotional problems scores, and the first ten genetic principal components, including covariate interaction terms for the G × E models. Comorbid emotional problem scores were dichotomized closest to the 67th percentile to reduce collinearity with the covariate interaction terms

G × E gene-by-environment interaction, IRR incidence rate ratio, MAOA monoamine oxidase A, MAOA-L/H MAOA low-/high-activity allele, ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

*Significant (i.e., corrected for multiple hypotheses) at α = 0.0031