Table 1.

Drivers of altered identity of β cells in T1D and T2D

Cellular and physiological modulators	Altered identity of β cells in		Most relevant references
	T1D	T2D
Hyperglycemia	Documented	Documented	[3••, 7, 9••, 10••, 11••, 87]
Inflammation	Possibly linked	Documented	[100–102]
Obesity	Possibly linked,(no direct evidence)	Documented	[8••]
miRNA	Possibly linked (no direct evidence)	Possibly linked	[103]
Epigenetics	Possibly linked	Possibly linked	[104••, 105•, 106•]
Beta cell heterogenity	Documented	Documented	[57, 58]
Viral infection	Possibly linked	Possibly linked (no direct evidence)	[107]
Protein misfolding/ER stress	Possibly linked	Possibly linked	[108–110]