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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2018 Oct 4;144(4):674–686. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31812

Figure 4: Regulation of PDC activity.

Figure 4:

(A) PDC activity is regulated by reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of its E1α subunit executed by PDHKs and PDPs. PDHKs perform inhibitory phosphorylation of three E1α serine residues (Ser 293 – site 1, Ser 300 – site 2, Ser 232 – site 3) and PDPs activate PDC by dephosphorylating these three sites. High PDC reaction endproduct/substrate ratios activate PDHKs by feedback inhibiton, while pyruvate or its synthetic analogue dichloroacetate inhibit PDHKs allostericaly (details in text). PDPs are activated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, and insulin. (B) Post-translational regulation of PDC activity (details in text). (1)97, (2)100, (3)101, (4)102, (5)103, (6)104, (7)107, (8)98, (9)99, (10)105, (11)106, (12)130, (13)60.