Table 4.
Multiple linear regression for the association between BMs and each of the cognitive domains, stratified by age group, adjusted for age, sex, education, ICV, and then additionally for general cognition (a)
| BMs | Speed B, β, p | Executive B, β, p | Episodic memory B, β, p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young | |||||||||
| R 2 = .256 | R 2 = .385 | R 2 = .314 | |||||||
| Age | .009 | .066 | .678 | .039 | .342 | .019 a | .031 | .227 | .146 |
| Education | .066 | .176 | .178 | .083 | .280 | .018 a | .021 | .059 | .639 |
| Sex | .566 | .381 | .059 | .242 | .202 | .259 | .471 | .328 | .093 |
| ICV | 3.091 | .057 | .823 | −6.363 | −.148 | .518 | 1.266 | .239 | .330 |
| Cortical thickness | .124 | .019 | .889 | .005 | .001 | .993 | .398 | .063 | .635 |
| Entorhinal thickness | .214 | .124 | .371 | .339 | .244 | .052 | .277 | .167 | .216 |
| Parahippocampal thickness | .008 | .003 | .983 | .091 | .041 | .723 | .195 | .073 | .559 |
| Hippocampal volume | −4.456 | −.026 | .864 | .000 | .152 | .260 | −.001 | −.374 | .013 |
| Striatal volume | .000 | .324 | .086 | .000 | .314 | .064 | .000 | .098 | .585 |
| DN | 1.797 | .128 | .373 | 1.907 | .168 | .194 | 3.079 | .227 | .106 |
| FPCN | −.057 | −.004 | .978 | −.774 | −.067 | .567 | 1.354 | .089 | .487 |
| FA | 7.872 | .218 | .107 | 8.550 | .304 | .014 a | 4.944 | .142 | .276 |
| WMH burden | −.098 | −.131 | .354 | −.085 | −.143 | .247 | −.261 | −.357 | .010 a |
| Middle | |||||||||
| R 2 = .143 | R 2 = .247 | R 2 = .160 | |||||||
| Age | −.041 | −.265 | .163 | −.034 | −.266 | .125 | −.050 | −.296 | .118 |
| Education | −.022 | −.061 | .683 | −.001 | −.002 | .986 | .019 | .049 | .741 |
| Sex | .478 | .280 | .116 | .188 | .130 | .417 | .224 | .119 | .494 |
| ICV | 1.956 | .316 | .197 | 3.080 | .584 | .011 a | 4.280 | .063 | .794 |
| Cortical thickness | −1.295 | −.132 | .441 | .259 | .031 | .841 | −.819 | −.076 | .654 |
| Entorhinal thickness | .039 | .016 | .920 | .138 | .068 | .650 | .496 | .188 | .246 |
| Parahippocampal thickness | .295 | .089 | .543 | .303 | .107 | .430 | .248 | .068 | .638 |
| Hippocampal volume | .000 | .104 | .593 | .000 | −.078 | .664 | 7.029 | .033 | .863 |
| Striatal volume | .000 | −.115 | .566 | .000 | −.306 | .104 | .000 | −.178 | .371 |
| DN | −.574 | −.021 | .892 | .648 | .028 | .844 | 2.200 | .072 | .634 |
| FPCN | −1.033 | −.054 | .734 | −.215 | −.013 | .927 | −3.601 | −.170 | .278 |
| FA | 8.304 | .182 | .220 | 6.608 | .173 | .210 | 8.560 | .171 | .246 |
| WMH burden | −.066 | −.076 | .655 | .102 | .139 | .381 | −.079 | −.083 | .622 |
| Old | |||||||||
| R 2 = .306 | R 2 = .211 | R 2 = .154 | |||||||
| Age | −.018 | −.124 | .259 | −.018 | −.192 | .101 | −.052 | −.275 | .029 a |
| Education | .054 | .186 | .079 | .045 | .237 | .036 a | .018 | .048 | .684 |
| Sex | −.029 | −.019 | .875 | .055 | .057 | .663 | −.343 | −.179 | .190 |
| ICV | 9.405 | .230 | .070 | 6.835 | .257 | .057 | −2.032 | −.039 | .780 |
| Cortical thickness | .232 | .035 | .767 | −.074 | −.017 | .891 | 1.049 | .122 | .358 |
| Entorhinal thickness | .467 | .237 | .035 a | .171 | .134 | .259 | .249 | .099 | .422 |
| Parahippocampal thickness | −.159 | −.057 | .616 | −.231 | −.128 | .292 | .396 | .112 | .380 |
| Hippocampal volume | .000 | −.272 | .054 | −9.989 | −.097 | .513 | −2.652 | −.013 | .933 |
| Striatal volume | .000 | .189 | .204 | 2.789 | .031 | .845 | .000 | −.123 | .462 |
| DN | −.991 | −.049 | .623 | 1.550 | .118 | .268 | −3.290 | −.128 | .253 |
| FPCN | .165 | .008 | .931 | .242 | .019 | .854 | −1.997 | −.080 | .465 |
| FA | 5.257 | .143 | .166 | −.887 | −.037 | .734 | −2.406 | −.051 | .656 |
| WMH burden | −.309 | −.374 | .001 a | −.166 | −.309 | .011 a | −.047 | −.043 | .738 |
Abbreviations: BM, brain biomarker; DN, default‐mode network; FA, fractional anisotropy; FPCN, fronto‐parietal control network; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.
a
These associations did not survive after controlling also for general cognition.