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. 2019 Aug 6;14:6269–6285. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S208938

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© 2019 Pandya et al.

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Overview of general promoters and reducers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are products of cellular respiration and their formation can contribute to oxidative stress and conditions, such as carcinogenesis, inflammation and aging. Upon elevated levels of ROS, cells may protect themselves by activating ROS reducing enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanisms. Some factors that contribute to increasing or decreasing the ROS level are listed in the figure.