Table 1.

Patient-related risk factors

Definite	Possible	No risk
Young age	Absence of CBD stone	Normal/small CBD diameter
Female gender	Normal serum bilirubin	Pancreas divisum
Suspected SOD	Periampullary diverticulum	Allergy to contrast medium
Recurrent pancreatitis
Absence of chronic pancreatitis
History of previous PEP

Adapted from Guda et al[9], Cotton et al[30], Cotton[41], and Srinivasan et al[54]. CBD: Common bile duct; SOD: Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction; PEP: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.