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. 2019 Jul 23;10:807. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00807

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Extracellular and intracellular actions of S1P. Cells release S1P in the extracellular milieu through specific transporters [spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) or ABC transporters]. S1P in the extracellular milieu then binds to S1P receptors (S1P1–S1P5) located at the plasma membrane, thus inducing biological responses.