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. 2019 Jul 23;116(32):16080–16085. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1901292116

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

The postsynaptic neuron to the GABAergic MBON-γ1pedc neuron (PPL1-α′2α2) is required for gene expression in LTM formation. (A and B) Nuclear pERK expression was increased in the PPL1-α′2α2 neuron following spaced training. The PPL1-α′2α2 neuron was labeled with nlsGFP using MB058B (SI Appendix, Fig. S6E) (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.0001; n = 15–20). (C and D) Inactivation of the PPL1-α′2α2 neuron impaired Arc2 mRNA expression at 1 h after spaced training (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.0001; n = 9 to 10) (C) and 1-d memory after spaced training (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.0109; n = 8) (D). Kir2.1 was expressed in the PPL1-α′2α2 neuron using MB058B. (E and F) Optogenetic inactivation of the PPL1-α′2α2 neuron impaired 1-d memory after spaced training (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.0001; n = 8) (E), and Arc2 mRNA expression at 1 h after spaced training (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.0128; n = 6) (F). MB058B was used to express eNpHR3.0 in the PPL1-α′2α2 neuron. Flies were illuminated by red light at 40 Hz during the shock periods of the indicated sessions of spaced training. (G) Model: Arc2 expression is induced in α/βs neurons via simultaneous activation of α/βs and PPL1-α′2α2 neurons. Spaced training allows activation of the PPL1-α′2α2 neuron due to reduced activity in γm and GABAergic MBON-γ1pedc neurons. Data are represented as a mean ± SEM. n.s., not significant, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.