ESP and PANS1/2 interact in Y2H and BiFC assays. (A) Schematic representation of the ESP protein and its interactions with PANS1 and PANS2. The positions of the four mutations identified in this study and of the peptidase domain are indicated (SI Appendix, Fig. S3). Positive interactions detected in Y2H and BiFC are indicated by arrows. (B) Results of Y2H essays. PANS1 and PANS2 proteins were fused with the activating domain (AD), and ESP was fused with the binding domain (BD). Growth on LWH is indicated by +, and growth on LWHA is indicated by ++. Raw data are shown in SI Appendix, Fig. S4. (C) Results of BiFC essays. The C terminus fusions with the C-YFP (pBiFP3) are listed in rows and the N terminus fusion with N-YFP (pBiFP2) are listed in columns. +, the detection of a YFP signal (SI Appendix, Fig. S5); −, the absence of signal; ND, that the interaction was not tested.