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. 2019 Mar 14;139(9):1203–1208. doi: 10.1007/s00402-019-03166-y

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Description of minimally invasive surgery. a Midline skin incision with fascia exposition, mounting of reference frame on spinous process, b 3D scan with O-arm, c image from S7 navigation system, d stab incision in fascia and cannulising the pedicles with navigated power drill and subsequent guide wires’ insertion. e Screws’ insertion using guide wires and navigation, f screws with extenders inserted trans-fascia