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A. Graph showing the spinal level of PPS with CT-IGN. B. Frequency of the screw pull-out phenomenon at the UIV, the LIV, or the interlevel. C. Frequency of screw loosening at the UIV, the LIV, or the interlevel. Abbreviations: PPS=percutaneous pedicle screw; CT-IGN=computed tomography image-guided navigation; N=total number of pedicle screws placed; S=sacral spine; Th=thoracic spine; L=lumbar spine; UIV=upper instrumented vertebra; LIV=lower instrumented vertebra
