Table 2.

Detailed information about each study.

Author, year	User type	Topic	Knowledge resource	Comparison	Outcomes
Leung, 2003 [21]	Medical students	General medical and surgery	InfoRetriever	NIa and OResb	Attitudes
Schwartz, 2003 [22]	Practicing physicians	General medical	Clinical evidence, DynaMed, InfoRetriever, and Tripc	ORes	Knowledge and skills
D'Alessandro, 2004 [23]	Practicing physicians and residents	Pediatrics	MD Consult and Micromedex	ORes and KRd	Knowledge and skills
Alper, 2005 [24]	Practicing physicians and nurse practitioners	General medical and pediatrics	DynaMed, InfoRetriever, Medscape, MD Consult, and UpToDate	ORes	Knowledge and skills
Grad, 2005 [25]	Residents	General medical	InfoRetriever	NI	Knowledge and skills
Grad, 2005 [26]	Residents	General medical	InfoRetriever	KR	Knowledge and skills
Greiver, 2005 [27]	Practicing physicians	General medical	Angina softwaree	NI	Behaviors and patient effect
Bochicchio, 2006 [28]	Residents	General medical, surgery, anesthesia, and emergency medicine	Johns Hopkins Antibiotics Guidee	NI	Knowledge and skills
Maviglia, 2006 [29]	Practicing physicians, residents, and nurse practitioners	General medical and medical specialties	Micromedex	KR	Knowledge and skills
Ramnarayan, 2006 [30]	Residents	Pediatrics	Isabel	NI	Behaviors
Rudkin, 2006 [31]	Practicing physicians and residents	Emergency medicine	Epocrates, Tarascon Pharmacopeia, The 5-Minute Clinical Consult, and qID	ORes	Knowledge and skills
Emery, 2007 [32]	Residents and nurse practitioners	General medical	GRAIDSe,f	NI	Behaviors and patient effect
King, 2007 [33]	Residents and medical students	Anesthesia and pediatrics	Clinical evidence modulee	NI	Behaviors and patient effect
Magrabi, 2007 [34]	Practicing physicians	General medical	MIMSg and Quick Clinical	NI	Attitudes
Skeate, 2007 [35]	Residents and medical students	Laboratory medicine, pathology, and radiology	Report Supporte	NI	Knowledge and skills
Van Duppen, 2007 [36]	Practicing physicians and residents	General medical	Clinical evidence and Trip	ORes and KR	Knowledge and skills
Bonis, 2008 [37]	Mixed usersh	Mixed topics	UpToDate	NI	Behaviors and patient effect
Hoogendam, 2008 [38]	Practicing physicians and residents	General medical	UpToDate	ORes	Knowledge and skills
Lyman, 2008 [39]	Practicing physicians	Pharmacy	Epocrates	NI	Behaviors
Isaac, 2012 [40]	Mixed users	General medical and surgery	UpToDate	NI	Behaviors and patient effect
Reed, 2012 [41]	Practicing physicians	General medical	PIERi and UpToDate	NI and KR	Knowledge and skills
Kuhn, 2015 [42]	Mixed users	Medical specialties	eAAPe,j	NI	Patient effect
Chow, 2016 [43]	Mixed users	General medical, medical specialties, pharmacy, surgery, and mixed topics	ARUSCe,k	KR	Behaviors
Luther, 2016 [44]	Practicing physicians	Emergency medicine, pediatrics, and surgery	SCAMPe,l	NI	Behaviors, patient effect, and costs
Saparova, 2016 [45]	Medical students	Mixed topics	AccessMedicine, UpToDate, and Wikipedia	KR	Knowledge and skills

^aNI: Knowledge resource compared versus no intervention.

^bORes: Knowledge resource compared versus other resource.

^cTrip: Turning Research Into Practice.

^dKR: Comparison between knowledge resources.

^eDenotes a locally developed resource.

^fGRAIDS: Genetic Risk Assessment on the Internet with Decision Support.

^gMIMS: Monthly Index of Medical Specialties.

^hAn undifferentiated mix of users.

ⁱPIER: Physicians’ Information and Education Resource.

^jeAAP: Emergency Asthma Action Plan.

^kARUSC: Antibiotic Utilization and Surveillance-Control.

^lSCAMP: Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plans.