TABLE 1.
List of genes identified on the A. cryaerophilus virulence plasmid, showing predicted size, location, and function.
| Start location | Stop location | Product [source if known] | Known/potential role in virulence | Cluster | % Identity to annotated gene |
| 1 | 939 | WP_105918336.1 integrase [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 100.00% | ||
| 985 | 2001 | D-alanine-D-alanine ligase | |||
| 4663 | 5805 | WP_105918343.1 Fic family protein [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | Leads to cell death (Engel et al., 2012) | 1 | 97.40% |
| 6386 | 7576 | WP_105918342.1 ATP-binding protein [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 100.00% | ||
| 9061 | 8501 | WP_066151948.1 XRE family transcriptional regulator [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | Plasmid preservation | 100.00% | |
| 17397 | 17969 | WP_105916127.1 GNAT family N-acetyltransferase [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | Potential involvement with Antimicrobial Resistance (Vetting et al., 2005) | 2 | 85.30% |
| 18532 | 22383 | WP_105917898.1 filamentous hemagglutinin domain-containing protein | Epithelial cell adhesion (Asakura et al., 2012) | 3 | 72.40% |
| 23027 | 25437 | Mobile element, insertion sequence ISM830-1A | |||
| 23080 | 24618 | WP_066355114.1 IS21 family transposase [Arcobacter skirrowii] | 96.30% | ||
| 25131 | 25388 | WP_066357872.1 transposase [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 100.00% | ||
| 27550 | 28437 | WP_105916124.1 nucleotidyl transferase AbiEii/AbiGii toxin family protein [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 96.90% | ||
| 32061 | 32381 | WP_105913889.1 thioredoxin [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 85.80% | ||
| 37006 | 35732 | WP_090568776.1 DUF4071 domain-containing protein [Nitrosomonas sp. Nm33] | 49.60% | ||
| 46206 | 46003 | WP_033698421.1 MULTISPECIES: DUF4062 domain-containing protein [Pseudomonas] | 47.60% | ||
| 48260 | 46218 | Patatin-like phospholipase | Invasion/Lipase activity (Anderson et al., 2015) | 4 | |
| 49149 | 48313 | WP_080353957.1 toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing protein | Immunoavoidance (Ve et al., 2015) | 5 | 37.30% |
| 52050 | 50725 | Replicative DNA helicase | |||
| 53555 | 52065 | WP_081754537.1 replication initiation protein [Arcobacter faecis] | 97.40% | ||
| 56007 | 54991 | ParB family protein (product partitioning) | |||
| 56931 | 56017 | WP_066152783.1 ParA family protein [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 100.00% | ||
| 58421 | 57357 | NT_Rel-Spo_like domain-containing protein | |||
| 58822 | 60015 | Putative exonuclease subunit SbccD, D subunit | 86.10% | ||
| 60012 | 63590 | Putative exonuclease subunit SbccD, C subunit | 82.00% | ||
| 66465 | 67940 | WP_066152788.1 DUF2779 domain-containing protein [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 96.50% | ||
| 72016 | 73461 | WP_066152765.1 dGTPase [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 100.00% | ||
| 75193 | 74501 | WP_105918093.1 2- component system response regulator | 97.80% | ||
| 77075 | 75249 | 7TMR-DISM-7TM/7TMR-DISMED2 domain-containing signal transduction protein | Carbohydrate binding, possible role in biofilm dispersion (Basu Roy and Sauer, 2014) | 6 | |
| 82841 | 92395 | WP_066402993.1 RTX toxin-related calcium-binding protein | Cytotoxic activity (Linhartová et al., 2010) | 7 | 90.60% |
| 92408 | 92848 | WP_066152392.1 toxin-activating lysine-acyltransferase [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | Possible hemolysin activator (Greene et al., 2015) | 7 | 100.00% |
| 94123 | 96261 | WP_066152387.1 type I secretion system permease/ATPase [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | Protein export | 7 | 93.00% |
| 96262 | 97584 | WP_066403004.1 HlyD family type I secretion periplasmic adaptor subunit [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | Protein export | 7 | 97.00% |
| 97900 | 99486 | WP_026806319.1 type II toxin-antitoxin system HipA family toxin [Arcobacter faecis] | AMR/persister cell formation (Correia et al., 2006) | 8 | 97.70% |
| 103041 | 100630 | Mobile element, insertion sequence ISM830-1B | |||
| 101425 | 100679 | Transposase-associate protein, IS21 family | |||
| 102973 | 101450 | WP_066355114.1 IS21 family transposase [Arcobacter skirrowii] | 96.30% | ||
| 105128 | 104178 | Patatin-like phospholipase | Invasion/Lipase activity (Anderson et al., 2015) | 9 | 67.00% |
| 105545 | 106747 | WP_009379108.1 nucleotidyltransferase [Bilophila sp. 4_1_30] | 50.50% | ||
| 107987 | 107631 | Toxin-antitoxin system, antitoxin component, RnlB family | |||
| 109038 | 107974 | Toxin-antitoxin system, antitoxin component, RnlA family | |||
| 110430 | 111521 | Site-specific recombinase | |||
| 119887 | 120141 | WP_105918348.1 XRE family transcriptional regulator [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 97.60% | ||
| 127306 | 129717 | Mobile element, insertion sequence IS830-1C | |||
| 127374 | 128897 | WP_066355114.1 IS21 family transposase [Arcobacter skirrowii] | 96.30% | ||
| 128922 | 129668 | WP_046996155.1 MULTISPECIES: transposase [Arcobacter] | 94.00% | ||
| 131416 | 133359 | WP_090294727.1 DUF4365 domain-containing protein [Muricauda zhangzhouensis] | 29.10% | ||
| 137132 | 136389 | WP_090938743.1 TIR domain-containing protein [Azotobacter beijerinckii] | Immunoavoidance (Ve et al., 2015) | 10 | 70.40% |
| 138225 | 137221 | WP_015487510.1 DUF4917 domain-containing protein [Thalassolituus oleivorans] | 82.00% | ||
| 140934 | 140371 | WP_066152761.1 EamA/RhaT family transporter [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 93.60% | ||
| 141676 | 141299 | WP_066152763.1 AraC family transcriptional regulator [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 100.00% | ||
| 142281 | 142844 | WP_066152060.1 recombinase family protein [Arcobacter cryaerophilus] | 98.90% | ||
| 148254 | 150416 | Glycosyl hydrolase | |||
| 152741 | 152118 | DUF4263 domain-containing protein | |||
| 154436 | 154597 | Alpha/beta hydrolase | Invasion/Lipase activity | 11 | |
| 157284 | 158967 | Patatin-like phospholipase | Invasion/Lipase activity (Anderson et al., 2015) | 11 | |
| 159486 | 160694 | Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, phage integrase family |
Virulence gene clusters are labeled 1–12 according to location and function. Pseudogenes and genes coding for hypothetical proteins are not listed.