Table 5.
Family Structure Moderating Influences in Predicting Father Involvement with Children Ages 1–5 (Waves 2–4)
| Engagement |
Responsibility |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|||||
| Variables | B | p | B | p | B | p | B | p |
| Initial Status | 3.93 | <.001 | 3.54 | <.001 | 3.40 | <.001 | 3.42 | <.001 |
| Paternity leave | −0.08 | .703 | 0.05 | .546 | ||||
| Length of Paternity Leave | 0.16 | .046 | 0.01 | .786 | ||||
| Cohabiting | 0.10 | .675 | 0.17 | .339 | 0.02 | .850 | 0.01 | .993 |
| Single Father | −0.37 | .521 | −0.47 | .240 | 0.07 | .748 | −0.08 | .647 |
| Nonresident, with Mother | −0.93 | .003 | −0.34 | .145 | −0.74 | <.001 | −0.51 | <.001 |
| Nonresident, not with Mother | −1.95 | <.001 | −1.68 | <.001 | −1.24 | <.001 | −1.23 | <.001 |
| Father has Other Partner | −0.15 | .530 | −0.16 | .465 | −0.43 | <.001 | −0.44 | <.001 |
| Mother has Other Partner | −0.45 | .091 | −0.36 | .136 | −0.53 | <.001 | −0.51 | <.001 |
| Paternity Leave x Cohabiting | 0.05 | .859 | −0.01 | .897 | ||||
| Paternity Leave x Single Father | −0.32 | .619 | −0.42 | .094 | ||||
| Paternity Leave x NR, with mom | 0.61 | .080 | 0.27 | .067 | ||||
| Paternity Leave x NR, not w/ mom | 0.91 | .005 | 0.15 | .226 | ||||
| Length of Leave x Cohabiting | −0.04 | .744 | 0.01 | .840 | ||||
| Length of Leave x Single Father | −0.03 | .917 | −0.16 | .257 | ||||
| Length of Leave x NR, with mom | 0.02 | .908 | −0.03 | .702 | ||||
| Length of Leave x NR, not w/mom | 0.40 | .012 | 0.11 | .109 | ||||
| Linear Rate of Change | −0.65 | .015 | −0.39 | .062 | −0.02 | .794 | −0.01 | .877 |
| Paternity leave | 0.15 | .272 | 0.01 | .757 | ||||
| Length of Paternity Leave | 0.01 | .815 | −0.00 | .875 | ||||
| Cohabiting | 0.01 | .947 | 0.00 | .959 | −0.04 | .288 | −0.04 | .201 |
| Single Father | 0.07 | .779 | 0.13 | .407 | −0.05 | .596 | 0.01 | .893 |
| Nonresident, with Mother | 0.20 | .116 | 0.10 | .272 | 0.02 | .677 | −0.05 | .267 |
| Nonresident, not with Mother | 0.15 | .105 | 0.10 | .156 | 0.01 | .851 | 0.01 | .693 |
| Father has Other Partner | −0.01 | .850 | −0.02 | .737 | 0.03 | .412 | 0.03 | .356 |
| Mother has Other Partner | −0.02 | .838 | −0.01 | .858 | 0.10 | .015 | 0.10 | .020 |
| Paternity Leave x Cohabiting | −0.04 | .693 | 0.04 | .401 | ||||
| Paternity Leave x Single Father | 0.21 | .416 | 0.16 | .161 | ||||
| Paternity Leave x NR, w/mom | −0.21 | .023 | −0.03 | .614 | ||||
| Paternity Leave x NR, not w/ mom | −0.23 | .015 | −0.03 | .564 | ||||
| Length of Leave x Cohabiting | −0.02 | .643 | 0.02 | .297 | ||||
| Length of Leave x Single Father | 0.09 | .457 | 0.05 | .437 | ||||
| Length of Leave x NR, w/mom | −0.06 | .378 | 0.05 | .166 | ||||
| Length of Leave x NR, not w/mom | −0.09 | .053 | −0.03 | .213 | ||||
| Quadratic Rate of Change | 0.15 | .015 | 0.12 | .023 | ||||
| Paternity leave | −0.01 | .621 | ||||||
Note. n = 1494 (4482 person years). Each model also includes all of the other predictor variables (i.e., father identity indicators, SES, and other demographic factors) presented in Table 2, as well as the time-varying characteristics that are listed in the Method section.