Table 1. Physiological measurements.

		N	H	H+SP
SBP (mmHg)a	1mth	94±7 [89–99]	172±14 [163–182]***	181±23 [159–204]*** †
	2mth	94±8 [89–100]	188±21 [174–203]***	185±16 [179–201]***
	3mth	91±13 [82–101]	196±21 [182–210]***	184±15 [170–198]*** ††
LVEF (%)b	1mth	84±4 [81–87]	81±2 [80–83]	83±2 [81–85]
	2mth	84±2 [83–86]	73±4 [70–75]***	77±2 [74–79]*** ††
	3mth	80±3 [78–82]	67±7 [68–72]***	72±4 [68–75]*** †
End systolic volume (μl)	1mth	50±18 [6–94]	53±9 [46–61]	45±7 [34–56]
	2mth	43±2 [41–46]	77±8 [70–83]***	72±10 [56–87]**
	3mth	58±10 [49–68]	86±11 [77–95]***	80±10 [64–96]*
Endocardial GLS (%)c	1mth	-30±2 [-33 - -28]	-29±3 [-31 - -27]	-31±2 [-32 - -29]
	2mth	-30±2 [-31 - -29]	-22±2 [-23 - -21]***	-26±1 [-27 - -24]*** †††
	3mth	-27±3 [-29 - -24]	-19±3 [-21 - -17]***	-21±2 [-23 - -19]*** †
Myocardial GLS (%)c	1mth	-19±2 [-21 - -18]	-17±2 [-17.9 - -15]**	-19±2 [-20 - -17]††
	2mth	-19±2 [-20 - -17]	-14±2 [-15 - -13]***	-15±1 [-16 - -14]***
	3mth	-17±2 [-19 - -15]	-11±2 [-12 - -9]***	-13±1 [-14 - -12]*** ††

Physiological measurements of normotensive (N), hypertensive (H) and hypertensive rats dosed daily with spironolactone (H+SP) following one, two and three months (n = 4–8 per group). Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation, with 95% confidence intervals shown in brackets.

^a Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured via tail cuff.

^b Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and end systolic volume were calculated from echocardiograms.

^c Endocardial and myocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) was determined from speckle tracking.

* indicates significantly different from N. * p<0.05,

** p<0.01,

*** p<0.001

^† indicates significance between H and H+SP. ^† p<0.05,

^†† p<0.01,

^††† p<0.001