Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Physiol. 2019 May 9;9:87–93. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.026

Figure 2. Smooth muscle cell redox signaling mechanisms in PAH.

Figure 2.

In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, hypoxia induces mitochondrial ROS generation, which inhibits voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels to cause membrane depolarization and vasoconstriction. ROS generation by NOX enzyme activity is mainly responsible for smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling in PAH. ROS generation by NOX1–3 enzymes can be activated by serotonin, 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), and galectin-3 (Gal-3).