FIG. 4.
Examples of different manufacturing techniques: (A) 3D printing of a continuum manipulator using thermoplastic polyurethane, with different possible infill patterns,38 (B) stages of an “inverse flow injection” molding method,28 (C) a microactuator manufactured by multistage spin coating,34 (D) the steps followed to manufacture a STIFF-FLOP manipulator.41 3D, three dimensional. Figure panels were reprinted with permission from their respective references.