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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cancer Biol. 2019 Jun 8;57:52–58. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.006

Figure 3. Cellular metabolites contribute to gene regulation and their fluctuating levels affect the epigenetic process.

Figure 3

Addition or removal of epigenetic marks by several key epigenetic enzymes is dependent on metabolites that act as substrates or cofactors of these enzymes. [HAT, histone acetyltransferase enzymes; Ac, an acetyl mark; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase enzymes; HMT, histone methyltransferase enzymes; Me, a methyl mark; LSD1, lysine-specific histone demethylase 1; JHDM, Jumonji domain-containing histone demethylase enzymes; Cyt, cytosine; 5meCyt, 5-methylcytosine; 5hmCyt, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; TET1/2, ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1/2; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; FH, fumarate hydratase; IDH1/2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2]. Image is adapted from[92]