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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2019 Sep;57(9):742–749. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001167

TABLE 3.

Comparison of Nurse Responses Among Those Employed in Hospitals as Direct Care Staff Nurses From the Main Survey and the Nonrespondents Survey, by State

2016 CA 2016 PA 2016 FL
Survey Item Main Survey Sample (N = 5501) Nonrespondent Survey Sample (N = 200) P Main Survey Sample (N = 4038) Nonrespondent Survey Sample (N = 94) P Main Survey Sample (N = 4093) Nonrespondent Survey Sample (N = 137) P
Nurse demographics
 Male (%) 10.6 18.0 0.002 7.8 14.9 0.022 9.9 14.6 0.092
 Age [mean (SD)] 46.4 (12.2) 45.3 (11.0) 0.234 45.6 (12.7) 41.3 (11.9) 0.001 46.1 (12.6) 41.7 (11.5) < 0.001
 White, race (%) 57.8 46.0 0.001 91.6 88.3 0.287 75.4 61.3 < 0.001
 Hispanic/Latino (%) 9.8 11.6 0.414 1.4 1.1 0.819 10.7 19.3 0.004
 BSN or higher (%) 62.2 61.0 0.734 57.3 62.8 0.285 50.4 60.6 0.018
 Years as registered nurse [mean (SD)] 17.6 (12.5) 17.1 (10.9) 0.555 18.6 (13.0) 14.1 (10.8) 0.001 16.6 (12.8) 13.3 (12.3) 0.003
Hospital characteristics as reported by nurses
 % satisfied with job 84.1 81.0 0.252 73.8 73.4 0.932 76.4 80.3 0.281
 % who rate work environment favorably (single item) 68.6 63.5 0.135 62.9 62.8 0.978 66.4 68.6 0.584
 %14-item work environment (1-best to 4-poorest) [mean (SD)] 2.2 (0.6) 2.2 (0.6) 0.276 2.3 (0.6) 2.3 (0.6) 0.968 2.2 (0.6) 2.2 (0.6) 0.812
 % who rate quality of nursing care delivered to patients favorably 86.4 81.0 0.036 86.4 80.9 0.142 84.1 80.3 0.246
 % who would recommend where they work to family or friends needing health care 84.4 84.5 0.976 84.0 83.0 0.786 81.8 78.8 0.386
 % who are confident that their patients are able to manage care when discharged 52.0 50.0 0.573 47.6 48.9 0.794 49.9 52.6 0.543
 % who are confident that management will act to resolve problems in patient care that they report 48.9 54.5 0.118 41.1 41.5 0.941 46.5 45.3 0.775
 % who give a good overall grade on patient safety (A or B grade) 72.1 66.0 0.064 68.0 57.5 0.034 68.7 71.5 0.482
 Patients assigned to your on your most recent shift [mean (SD)] 4.0 (2.2) 3.8 (1.9) 0.169 4.7 (2.5) 4.2 (2.2) 0.054 4.7 (2.4) 4.6 (2.1) 0.402

This analysis includes nurse respondents employed in hospitals as direct care staff nurses caring for ≤ 15 patients on their last shift. The main survey sample results reported are data from nurses in the 3 states in which the nonresponse survey was also conducted.

CA indicates California; FL, Florida, PA, Pennsylvania.