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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2019 Sep;57(9):673–679. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001162

Table 3:

Average per member per month change in health care use for SBIRT recipients compared to non-SBIRT patients.

SBIRT Comparison Difference-in-Difference Estimate
Pre Post Pre Post Average Marginal Effects (95% CI) P-Value
Outpatient (se) 1.49 (.031) 1.71 (0.032) 1.34 (.026) 1.45 (.027) 0.140 (.016 to .264) 0.027
Inpatient Days (se) 0.133 (.010) 0.104 (.004) 0.132 (.014) 0.103 (.005) −0.056 (−.120 to .008) 0.087
Inpatient Admissions (se) 0.023 (.001) 0.020 (.001) 0.020 (.001) 0.017 (.043) −0.004 (−.010 to .002) 0.170
ER Admissions (se) 0.131 (.003) 0.118 (.003) 0.090 (.002) 0.086 (.002) −0.007 (−.022 to .008) 0.375

Note: Authors’ estimates using Medicaid claims and encounter data. The unit of analysis is per member per month and models include age, sex, race, SSI eligibility, diabetes, heart disease, COPD, hypertension, tobacco use, mental health, and pregnancy interacted with sex. For each outcome, the average marginal effects is derived from the regression models and is the change in utilization for SBIRT recipients compared to those not receiving SBIRT following the intervention index month.