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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2019 Jun 10;140(7):566–579. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038924

Figure 3. Overexpression of XBP1s in the heart improves cardiac function in response to pressure overload.

Figure 3.

A. XBP1s expression was turned on after 2 weeks of TAC, before the onset of cardiac dysfunction (indicated as doxycycline removal). After another week, control animals (single TRE-XBP1s or αMHC-tTA transgenics alone under water without doxycycline) displayed cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunction, while transgenic mice (TRE-XBP1s and αMHC-tTA double transgenics under water without doxycycline) showed significant improvements in cardiac function, as evidenced by representative echocardiographic images.

B. Ejection fraction (%) was significantly increased by XBP1s overexpression. N = 9–13.

C. LVID at diastole was reduced in the XBP1s transgenic mice after TAC. N = 9–13.

D. Systolic LVID in the transgenic mice was improved. N = 9–13.

E. WGA staining was conducted (left). Scale bar: 50 μm. Quantification of the relative cross-sectional area shows significant upregulation of cardiomyocyte size by XBP1s overexpression (right). N = 128 for sham/control; 104 for sham/TG; 198 for TAC/control; 226 for TAC/TG. Two-way ANOVA analysis was conducted, followed by Tukey’s test. **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001.