Table 8.

Mean change of the NRS scale of the degree of chronic pain before and after the 6 × 30min biofeedback sessions (placebo group). (0 = absence of pain, 10 = worst pain). The placebo study participants were Caucasian men and women aged between 30 and 86 years. The number of subjects involved was 950, comprising 500 males and 450 females, with an average age of 50 years. In all the subjects, pain was a major feature of their lives. The placebo group had the same procedure as the treated group. The only variant was that the device-patient connection cable was internally silenced, so as to keep all the other variables exactly the same

	NRS average initial		NRS average final
	M	F	M	F
Rheumatoid arthritis	6	6	6	6
Osteoarthritis	4	3	3	3
Cervical pain	4	5	3	4
Fibromyalgia	7	8	7	8
Low back pain	5	4	4	4
Chronic recurrent headaches	7	7	7	6
Chronic nonspecific pains	5	6	4	6