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. 2019 Aug 12;9:11619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48031-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Force spectra showing specific interactions (in blue) between full-length FnBPA expressed on the cell wall of L. lactis and (a) full-length Fn, and (b) full-length Fg. Spectra from nonspecific interactions (in gray) between the cell wall of L. lactis 0 (no FnBPA, empty vector) and the two ligands are also shown. Peak-to-peak distance (ΔL) for Fn is 30 ± 4 nm and 36 ± 10 nm for Fg. AFM tips were coated with protein by incubating tips in 100 µg/mL of Fn or Fg prior to force measurements.