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. 2019 Aug 8;14:6339–6356. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S209722

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Representative cross-sectional images of isolated tumor tissues stained with (A) anti-CD31 antibody for microvessels (brown), (B) proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for proliferating cells (brown), and (C) fluorescent terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUPT nick end labeling (TUNEL) for apoptosis (green fluorescence) in the tumor tissues taken 14 days after treatment with various modes.

Notes: The treatment modes were biweekly intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg PMX (PMX-IV), intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg anti-PD1 (Anti-PD1) once every 3 days, once-daily oral administration of PMX/DCK-OP as 20 mg/kg of PMX (PMX/DCK-OP), and combined once-daily oral administration of PMX/DCK-OP as 20 mg/kg of PMX with once every 3 days intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg anti-PD1 (PMX/DCK-OP + Anti-PD1). Scale bars represent 50 μm for anti-CD31 antibody and PCNA staining, and 20 μm for TUNEL staining, respectively.

Abbreviations: PMX, pemetrexed; DCK, Nα-deoxycholyl-L-lysyl-methylester; PMX/DCK, ion-pairing complex between PMX and DCK; PMX/DCK-OP, oral powder formulation of PMX/DCK.