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. 2019 Aug 12;9:11632. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48064-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Rescued SPANXB1 expression facilitated tumorigenic progression of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell. Introduction of SPANXB1 (A) enhanced migration ((B) high distribution of migrated cells in encircled area), invasion (C) and ROS production (D) of the mammary epithelial cells accompanied by diminished expression of SH3GL2 and enhanced expression of A-Actinin, FAK, Vinculin and RAC-1 (A). (E) Reduced or augmented (F) expression of SPANXB1 in the secreted EVs from the transduced breast epithelial cell culture. Syntenin was used as an internal EV marker (E–F). Actin was used as a loading control (A). VC: Empty vector control; SPANXB1: SPANXB1 transduced. CSi: scramble SiRNA treated; KD: SPANXB1 targeted SiRNA treated. Magnification X 200 (C–E). In Western blotting, all experimental and control antibodies were run in parallel for the same immunoblot. The Image J software (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/) was used for Western blot quantification and area measurement in the migration assays.