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. 2019 Aug 6;10:1616. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01616

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Copyright © 2019 Yang, Yu, Fu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Growth (shown in OD₆₀₀ _nm value) and acidity of the culture together with the sampling point in this study. CK sample was collected when the culture in CK medium reached exponential phase (dash-lined arrow); the treatment samples were collected when the acetic acid fermentation entered initial, mid and final stages in TM I (I-1, I-2, and I-3) and TM II (II-1, II-2, and II-3) media, respectively (solid-lined arrow).