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. 2019 Aug 6;13:691. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00691

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Copyright © 2019 Al Abed, Pinyon, Foster, Crous, Cowin, Housley and Lovell.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of the circuit implementation of the electrode-tissue interface. The non-Faradaic processes are modeled as 61 RC branches representing a constant phase element. After selection of the initial R and C values for the middle branch, the resistance and capacitance of all the other branches can be calculated using the m and k parameters. R_s is a spreading resistance that represents the contact between the interface and the bulk solution or tissue. Stimulus is provided by a grounded voltage source (V_in) and delivered, via the interface, to the tissue (V_out).