Table 1.
Studies characteristics and results.
| Articles | Sample | Etiology | Duration | Scale | Methods and features | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stefan et al. (2018) | 51 VS, 11 MCS | 14 T, 48 NT | CRS-R | FC, CM, MS, ApEn, PeEn, Coh, wSMI, STE | Duration of MS d alpha AUC 74% | |
| Naro et al. (2018) | 17 VS, 15 MCS | 10 T, 22 NT | 12,56 months | CRS-R | SA, FC, SPO, dWPLI | Delta, alpha, dWPLI P ≤ 0.05 |
| Chennu et al. (2017) | 23 VS, 66 MCS | 51 T, 53 NT | CRS-R | FC, dWPLI, others seven measures | PC alpha 79% accuracy, SVM classifier 74% accuracy | |
| Schorr et al. (2016) | 58 VS, 15 MCS | 18 T, 55 NT | 585,1 days | CRS-R | SA, FC, SPO, Coh | No positive results |
| Estraneo et al. (2016b) | 37 VS, 36 MCS | 21 T, 52 NT | >3 months | CRS-R | SA, PB | Pattern LV sensibility 95%, specificity 38.95% |
| Piarulli et al. (2016) | 6 VS, 6 MCS | 7 T, 5 NT | 69 days | CRS-R | SA, CM, SPO, SpE, WD | Alpha, beta1, theta, delta, SpE P ≤ 0.05, WD specific MCS component |
| Engemann et al. (2018) | 21 VS, 57 MCS | 37 T, 41 NT | 1040,6 days | CRS-R | SA, FC, CM, 28 biomarkers | DOC Forest AUC 0.75 |
| Höller et al. (2013) | 27 VS, 22 MCS | 13 T, 41 NT | 10,33 months | CRS-R | FC, CM, 12 measures (mostly from biosig toolbox) | Partial Coh 0.96 accuracy |
| Fingelkurts et al. (2013) | 14 VS, 7 MCS | 9 T, 12 NT | 57 days | LCF | SA, Spectral oscillation | P ≤ 0.05 |
| Lechinger et al. (2013) | 8 VS, 9 MCS | 8 T, 9 NT | 75,63 months | CRS-R | SA, SPO | No positive results |
| Lehembre et al. (2012) | 10 VS, 18 MCS | 13 T, 15 NT | <3 months | CRS-R | SA, FC,SPO, Coh, IC, PLI | SPO delta and alpha, IC and PLI front—post theta P ≤ 0.05 |
| Fingelkurts et al. (2012) | 14 VS, 7 MCS | 9 T, 12 NT | <3 months | LCF | SA, Spectral oscillation | Alpha SP 26% VS, 37% MCS |
| Gosseries et al. (2011b) | 24 VS, 26 MCS | 23 T, 33 NT | CRS-R | CM,State entropy, Response entropy | Specificity and sensibility 77% (only acutes) | |
| Wu et al. (2011a) | 21 VS, 16 MCS | <6 months | GCS, RCC, CRS-R | SA, CM, SPO, LZC, ApEn, C-ApEn | No positive results | |
| Wu et al. (2011b) | 30 VS, 20 MCS | 25 T, 25 NT | VS 112.2 MS 139,2 days | GCS, RCC | CM, ApEn, C-ApEn | C-ApEn P ≤ 0.05 |
| Schnakers et al. (2008) | 13 VS, 30 MCS | 16 T, 27 NT | CRS-R, GCS | SA, BIS, three derived measures | BIS P ≤ 0.05 | |
| Khanmohammadi et al. (2018) | 54 patients GCS <8 | GCS | FC, INRI others | Groups based on GCS P ≤ 0.05 |
VS, Vegetative State; MCS, Minimally Conscious State; T, Traumatic; NT, Non-traumatic; CRS-R, Coma Recovery Scale-revised; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; LCF, Level of Cognitive Functioning; RCC, Rappaport Coma/Near coma Scale; SA, Spectral analysis; FC, Functional connectivity; CM, Complexity measures; MS, Microstate analysis; LV, Low Voltage; ApEn, Approximate Entropy; C-ApEn, Cross-Approximate Entropy; PeEn, Permutation Entropy; SPO, Spectral Power; SpE, Spectral Entropy; Coh, Coherence; IC, Imaginary Coherence; STE, Symbolic Transfer Entropy; wSMI, weighted Symbolic Mutual Information; dWPLI, Debiased Weighted Phase Lag Index; CNA, Complex Network Analysis; PLI, Phase Lag Index; LZC, Lempel-Ziv Complexity; BIS, Bispectral. Index; PB, Predominant background activity; WD, Wavelet decomposition; INRI, Intrinsic Network Reactivity Index.