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. 2019 Aug 6;10:1853. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01853

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Copyright © 2019 Ma, Qiao, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Jiang, Cui, Huang, Wang, Tang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Detection of anti-IBDV-specific IgY and sIgA antibody levels. Scheme of oral immunization and sampling of sera, intestinal mucus, and trachea fluid (A). Primary immunizations were carried out on two consecutive days (days 1 and 2). Booster immunizations were carried out on days 11, 12, 22, and 23. Anti-IBDV-specific IgY antibody levels in the sera (B). Groups (n = 4) of SPF chickens were orally immunized with recombinant strains and PBS. Anti-IBDV-specific sIgA levels in the intestinal mucus (C) and trachea fluid (D) post-immunization with recombinant strains. Bars represent the mean ± standard error value of each group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).