Fig. 2.

Impact of ovarian cancer-exosomes on target cells during pre-metastatic niche formation. a. Ovarian cancer-exosomes induce apoptosis of dendritic cells, increase secretion of IL-6, and inhibit function of T cells and NK cells. b. Ovarian cancer-exosomes with their cargo, such as ATF2, MTA1, sE-cad, and CD147, which acts on human vein endothelial cells, inducing angiogenesis and vascular permeability. c. Ovarian cancer-exosomes convert fibroblasts to CAFs. d. Ovarian cancer-exosomes deliver miRNAs to macrophages and elicit M2 macrophage polarization by regulating the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)4/5/ STAT3 pathway in macrophages. e. Phenotypic conversion and apoptosis of PMCs, induced by ovarian cancer-exosomes, clears the mesothelial cell barrier of the peritoneum and omentum. OC ovarian cancer, NK natural killer, ATF2 Activating transcription factor 2, MTA1 Metastasis-associated protein 1, sE-cad soluble E-cadherin, SOCS Suppress cytokine signaling, STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, PMC Peritoneal mesothelial cell, CAF cancer-associated fibroblast