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. 2019 Aug 13;18:124. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-1049-4

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Two main methods of ovarian cancer metastasis within the peritoneal cavity, direct implantation and hematogenous spread. a Distribution of ovarian cancer nests in the peritoneal cavity. b Mechanisms of ovarian cancer-exosome establishment of the pre-metastatic niche before metastasis. c After the formation of pre-metastatic niche, tumor cells home to the metastatic site then colonize and support vessel budding. OC: ovarian cancer; NK: natural killer; HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; TAM: tumor-associated macrophages; PMC: Peritoneal mesothelial cell; CAF: cancer-associated fibroblasts.