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. 2019 Jul 9;9(18):5282–5297. doi: 10.7150/thno.32268

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Histopathological examination of AIA rat joints. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), toluidine blue (TB) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining analyses were performed on joints section from AIA rats treated with saline, M-PHMs/miR-124, M-PHMs/miR-124 NC, PHMs/miR-124 and MTX. Histopathological examination of normal rat group was set as a blank control. (A) HE staining was applied to study synovial hyperplasia. Black arrows indicated severe synovial hyperplasia. (B) TB staining of joints was conducted to analyze the integrity of articular cartilage. The red arrows indicated severe destruction and incompleteness of articular cartilage. (C) TRAP staining was used to study the number of osteoclasts. The blue arrows referred to the clusters of osteoclasts. The scale bar in HE (4 X, A) and TB (4 X, B) was 500 µm. The scale bars in TRAP (20 X and 40 X) were 100 µm and 50 µm, respectively.