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. 2019 Jul 9;9(18):5227–5245. doi: 10.7150/thno.34273

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pseudogene PCNAP1 promotes HBV replication and cccDNA accumulation. (A) The relative levels of PCNAP1 were determined by RT-qPCR in the liver of human liver-chimeric mice (n=3) and HBV-infected human liver-chimeric mice (n=3). (B) The relative levels of PCNAP1 were examined by RT-qPCR in 39 paired HBV-related HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues (*P<0.001, Unpaired t test). (C and D) The levels of HBV progeny DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg were measured by qPCR, ELISA or immunofluorescence assays in HepaRG and HBV-infected HepaRG cells treated with pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA3.1-PCNAP1 at dpi 8 for 3 days. (E-H) HepG2.2.15 cells were treated with siCtr or siPCNAP1. (E and F) The levels of HBV progeny DNA, HBeAg, HBsAg and HBcAg were measured as above. (G and H) The intracellular HBV DNA and cccDNA were evaluated by qPCR and Southern blot assays, respectively. (I and J) Relative levels of PCNAP1 were detected by RT-qPCR in cccDNA-positive liver tissue of HCC patients (n=24) and cccDNA-negative ones (n=15). Statistical significant differences are indicated: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; Student's t test.