Table 2.
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis of overall survival and cancer-special survival in high-grade LCNEC and SCLC patients
| Overall survival | Cancer-special survival | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age | ||||
| <60 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| 60-79 | 1.15 (1.10-1.19) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.08-1.17) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 1.43 (1.38-1.49) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.33-1.44) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Male | 1.15 (1.12-1.19) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.10-1.17) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Not marriedb | 1.07 (1.04-1.10) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.01-1.08) | 0.005 |
| Unknown | 1.04 (0.95-1.13) | 0.423 | 1.02 (0.94-1.12) | 0.627 |
| Laterality | ||||
| Left | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Right | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 0.937 | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | 0.857 |
| Bilateral | 1.05 (0.91-1.22) | 0.508 | 1.09 (0.94-1.26) | 0.282 |
| Unknown | 0.82 (0.75-0.89) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.73-0.87) | <0.001 |
| SEER stage | ||||
| Localized | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Regional | 1.37 (1.27-1.48) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.36-1.61) | <0.001 |
| Distant | 2.45 (2.28-2.65) | <0.001 | 2.72 (2.51-2.95) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | 0.708 | 1.10 (0.97-1.26) | 0.138 |
| Tumor size (cm) | ||||
| ≤3 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| 3-5 | 1.15 (1.09-1.21) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.11-1.23) | <0.001 |
| 5-7 | 1.21 (1.14-1.28) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.16-1.30) | <0.001 |
| >7 | 1.25 (1.18-1.32) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.20-1.34) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.30 (1.25-1.36) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.28-1.41) | <0.001 |
| Nodal status | ||||
| No | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Yes | 1.22 (1.17-1.28) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.17-1.29) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.17 (1.10-1.24) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.12-1.27) | <0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||
| No | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Yes | 0.47 (0.43-0.51) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.41-0.49) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.83 (0.71-0.98) | 0.025 | 0.81 (0.68-0.96) | 0.016 |
| Radiation | ||||
| No/ Unknown | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Yes | 0.70 (0.68-0.72) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.68-0.73) | <0.001 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No/ Unknown | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Yes | 0.44 (0.42-0.46) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.42-0.45) | <0.001 |
| Histological type | ||||
| LCNEC | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| SCLC | 1.25 (1.16-1.35) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.16-1.37) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: LCNEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; SCLC, small cell lung carcinoma; SEER, Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a Others included American Indian/Alaskan native, and Asian/Pacific islander.
b Not married included separated, single (never married), divorced, unmarried or domestic partner and widowed.