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. 2019 Jul 10;10(18):4245–4255. doi: 10.7150/jca.32807

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MALAT1 is an upstream signaling molecule that activates the TFEB-dependent autophagy pathway. (A) A431 cells were treated with different doses of DHM and then examined the MALAT1 expression; The effect of MALAT1 overexpression on TFEB-depended autophagy was studied. (B) The mRNA level of TFEB was detected by RT-PCR. (C) phosphorylation of TFEB protein was detected by western blotting; (D) The TFEB Luciferase activity was then measured. (E) The levels of nuclear TFEB were analyzed by Immunofluorescence; (F) The mRNA levels of TFEB-target genes were measured using RT-PCR. (G) Trypan blue assay used to assess cell death. * P<0.05, **P<0.01, versus the control group;^# P<0.05, ^## P<0.01 versus the DHM (100 µM) group (n=6).