TABLE II.

Prevalence of respiratory outcomes by demographic characteristics among children aged 6 to 19 years (NHANES 2005–2014)^*

	All children, regardless of outcome status		Children with a current asthma diagnosis†			Children who reported ED visit(s) in the prior 12 mo†			Children who reported asthma attacks(s) in the prior 12 mo†
	No.	Percent	No.	Percent	P value‡	No.	Percent	P value‡	No.	Percent	P value‡
All children	4023	—	450	10.9	—	81	16.2	—	233	53.4	—
Sex
Boys	2068	51.6	248	51.6	.99	46	47.6	.58	135	55.4	.21
Girls	1955	48.4	202	48.4		35	52.4		98	44.6
Age (y)
6–11	1832	42.7	206	41.2	.57	52	52.1	.17	119	47.0	.03
12–19	2191	57.3	244	58.8		29	47.9		114	53.0
Race
Non-Hispanic white	1159	58.0	123	55.4	<.001	16	47.6	.27	71	57.6	.22
Non-Hispanic black	1101	14.7	181	23.5		36	25.2		89	21.2
Mexican American	1032	13.9	75	9.8		10	9.6		31	8.3
Other§	731	13.3	71	11.3		19	17.6		42	12.9
Poverty income ratio
<1.0	1434	23.9	170	28.4	.07	41	33.9	.31	90	29.6	.58
≥1.0	2689	76.2	280	71.6		40	66.1		143	70.4

^*Data presented are for children with complete data on current asthma diagnosis, parabens, and covariates (ie, age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio, and creatinine concentrations). Values displayed are weighted to take into account the complex NHANES survey design.

^†Current asthma is defined as an affirmative response to the following 2 questions: “Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you have asthma?” and “Do you still have asthma?” ED visits are defined as affirmative responses to the following question: “During the past 12 months, have you had to visit an emergency room or urgent care center because of asthma?” Asthma attacks are defined as affirmative responses to the following question: “During the past 12 months, have you had an episode of asthma or an asthma attack?”

^‡P values reported are from χ² tests used to determine whether demographic characteristics differed based on outcome status.

^§The “other” category includes children who self-identified as multiracial or of Asian Pacific or other Hispanic descent.