On the origin of open-circuit voltage losses in flexible n-i-p perovskite solar cells

. 2019 Jun 21;20(1):786–795. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1633952

P L Q Y = \frac{J_{0, r a d}}{J_{0, r a d} + J_{0, n r}} = \frac{J_{0, r a d}}{J_{0, r a d} + J_{0, b u l k} + J_{0, i - p} + J_{0, n - i} + \dots}

(3)