Table 2.
Other types of nanomaterials against Chagas disease in preclinical trials
| Nanomaterial | Nanostructure characterization | Biological analysis | Author | Ref # | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical and/or chemical methodology |
Active compound | Hydro- dynamic diameter or size (nm) |
ZP (mV) | PDI | T. cruzi strain | Cell line | In vitro/in vivo | Study model | Adminis-tration route | ||||
| SLN | Microemulsion | H2bdtc | 127.4 | −56.1 | 0.3 | Y | Spleen cells of Swiss mice | In vitro | Trypomastigotes | N.I. | Carneiro et al (2014) | 67 | |
| N.I. | In vivo | Swiss mice | Oral | ||||||||||
| Quantum dots | Colloidal chemistry | Cd Te | N.I. | Dm28 | Intestinal epithelial cells of R. prolixus | In vitro | Epimastigotes | N.I. | Stahl et al (2010) | 81 | |||
| Nano-emulsions; sulfonamides | Emulsification | Ursolic acid | 57.3 | N.I. | 0.24 | CL Brener | LLC-MK2 | In vitro | Cytotoxicity | N.I. | De Oliveira et al (2017) | 86 | |
| In vitro | Amastigotes | ||||||||||||
| Clove oil (Eugenia caryophyllus) | 35 −100 | 0.3 | DM28c and Y | Macrophages (RAW 267.4) | In vitro | Epimastigotes | Vermelho et al (2017) | 87 | |||||
| In vitro | Cytotoxicity | ||||||||||||
| BZ | 241.60 | −71.41 | 0.23 | Y | Vero and SiHa | In vitro | Cytotoxicity | N.I. | Streck et al (2019) | 88 | |||
| In vitro | Epimastigotes and trypomastigotes | ||||||||||||
| Micelle; poly-agrregate | AmB-AME | Amphotericin B | 1–10 x103 | N.I. | Clone CL- B5 | Fibroblasts (NCTC-929) | In vitro | Amastigotes | N.I. | Rolon et al (2017) | 95 | ||
| AmB-NaDC | 30 | Y | In vivo | BALB/c | Intracardiac | ||||||||
| Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Hydration | BNZ | N.I. | −11.5 | N.I. | CL Brener | N.I. | In vitro | Epimastigotes | N.I. | Nhavene et al (2018) | 74 | |
Abbreviations: PDI, Polydispersity index; ZP, Zeta potential; SLN, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles; H2bdtc, 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrazoline-1- S-Benzyl dithiocarbazate; CdTe, Cadmium telluride solution; AMB, amphotericin B liposomes; AmB-AME, amphotericin B liposomes - polyamide encapsulated in albumin microspheres; AmB-NaDC, Dimeric amphotericin B liposomes - sodium deoxycholate micelles; N.I. not informed; BNZ, Benznidazole; LLC-MK2, Fibroblast of monkey kidney.