Table 2.
LASSL-L subscale performance among 247 English- and Spanish-speaking cognitively normal (CN) and aMCI older adults
| LASSI-L subscales | English-speaking CN, n = 62 | Spanish-speaking CN, n = 51 | English-speaking aMCI, n = 71 | Spanish-speaking aMCI, n = 63 | F-value adjusted for age, sex, and education | P value | Eta-squared uncorrected effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum storage (A2 cued recall) | 13.50a | 13.06a | 11.27b | 11.24b | 19.52 | <.001 | 23.56% |
| SD = 1.5 (range 9–15) | SD = 1.5 (range 8–15) | SD = 2.3 (range 5–15) | SD = 2.0 (range 6–14) | ||||
| Proactive semantic interference (B1 cued recall) | 7.68a | 7.43ab | 5.54c | 6.06bc | 8.44 | <.001 | 11.97% |
| SD = 2.8 (range 3–14) | SD = 2.7 (range 2–12) | SD = 2.4 (range 3–14) | SD = 2.2 (range 1–11) | ||||
| Failure to recover from proactive semantic interference (B2 cued recall) | 11.44a | 11.02a | 8.30c | 9.37b | 21.54 | <.001 | 24.32% |
| SD = 2.3 (range 5–15) | SD = 2.2 (range 6–15) | SD = 2.5 (range 2–14) | SD = 2.2 (range 5–14) | ||||
| Retroactive semantic interference (A3 cued recall) | 8.79a | 7.2b | 6.47b | 6.37b | 16.10 | <.001 | 16.65% |
| SD = 2.4 (range 3-14) | SD = 2.1 (range 3-12) | SD = 2.0 (range 1-10) | SD = 2.0 (range 1-11) | ||||
| Delayed free recall (both Lists A and B) | 19.50a | 18.0a | 13.30b | 13.64b | 20.55 | <.001 | 22.91% |
| SD = 4.7 (range 0–28) | SD = 3.8 (range 10–26) | SD = 5.9 (range 0–24) | SD = 5.5 (range 0–24 |
NOTE. Unadjusted means are presented. Means with different alphabetic superscripts are statistically significant at P < .05 by the Sidak procedure after statistical adjustment for age, education, and sex. P-values that were statistically significant at P < .05 are indicated in bold.
Abbreviations: aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; LASSL-L, Loewenstein-Acevedo Scale of Semantic Interference and Learning; SD, standard deviation.