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. 2019 Aug 13;17(8):e3000398. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000398

Fig 6. The treatment with TLR7/8 ligand enabled sex preselection for IVF.

Fig 6

(A) The sexing of blastocyst embryos derived from IVF using the sperm treated with R848. Upper image: sex ratios of embryos using the sperm incubated in HTF medium. Middle image: sex ratios of embryos using the upper-layer sperm incubated in HTF medium contained 0.3 μM R848. Lower image: sex ratios of embryos using the lower-layer sperm incubated in HTF medium contained 0.3 μM R848. Upper band (187 bp) denotes the presence of the Y chromosome, and lower band (143 bp) denotes the presence of the X chromosome. (B) Ratio of XX embryos or XY embryos in IVF using the sperm treated with R848. Values are the mean ± SEM of four replicates. *P < 0.05 compared with the control. Data associated with this figure can be found in the supplemental data file (S1 Data). (C) Ratio of male or female pups in IVF embryo transfer using the sperm treated with R848. Thirty blastocysts at 3.5 days after insemination were surgically transferred into the uterine horns of 2.5-day-old pseudo-pregnant females. The number of pups was then recorded at birth. Values are the mean ± SEM of at least five replicates. Data associated with this figure can be found in the supplemental data file (S1 Data). HTF, human tubal fluid; IVF, in vitro fertilization; R848, Resiquimod; TLR7/8, Toll-like receptor 7/Toll-like receptor 8.